Page 356 #s 1-6 & #9

1) DEFINE
*Greenback: a piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank); "he peeled off five one-thousand-zloty notes"
*Conscription: compulsory military service
*Habeas Corpus: One of a variety of writs that may be issued to bring a party before a court or judge, having as its function the release of the party from unlawful restraint.
*Attrition: constant wearing down to weaken or destroy
2) ID
*Robert E. Lee: American general who led the Confederate Armies in the American Civil War (1807-1870)
*Copperheads: A Northerner who sympathized with the South during the Civil War.
*James Mason: English film actor (1909-1984)
*John Slidell: John Slidell (1793 – July 26, 1871), a native of New York City, moved to Louisiana and became a U.S. representative and a U.S. senator from that state in the mid-nineteenth century.
*Trent Affair: (1861) Incident in the American Civil War involving freedom of the seas.
*Anaconda Plan: The Anaconda Plan was proposed in 1861 by Union General Winfield Scott to win the American Civil War with minimal loss of life, enveloping the Confederacy by blockade at sea and control of the Mississippi River.
3) EXPLAIN
The South had little to no railway transport which mand it difficult to transport goods to trading ports
4) ?
5) The north controled the National Treasury & majored in Industries which mass produced weapons for battle. the south had to raise money & had one industry which made cannons..
6) They had nothing to back up the value of their currency.
__________________________________________________________________
9) DISCRIPTIVE WRITING
Dear Family the north looks incredible the land is more intresting then the south it amazes me as to what technology has been able to do i want to learn how things work and for that reason i an joining the Union to fulfill this dream the industries are pushing out weaons around the clock to arm its solders the land i rich in iron ore which seems to be worth alot the confederate states are being pushed back and overwhelmed see you on the otherside
ADAM

PAGE 345 #'S 1,2, 3, 4, & 7

Adam Hopf 5/19/08
F-Block History Page 345 #'s 3, 4 & 7
1. DEFINE
CONFEDERACY: the southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861
MARTIAL LAW: the body of law imposed by the military over civilian affairs (usually in time of war or civil crisis); overrides civil law
2. ID
-John C. Breckenridge: was a lawyer, U.S. Representative, Senator from Kentucky, Vice President of the United States, Southern Democratic candidate for President in 1860, (January 16, 1821 – May 17, 1875)
-John Bell: 1797–1869, American statesman, b. near Nashville, Tenn. A leading member of the Nashville bar, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1827–41), was speaker in 1834, and for a few weeks in 1841 was Secretary of War under President William Henry Harrison.
-Crittenden's Compromise: The Crittenden Compromise (December 18, 1860) was an unsuccessful proposal by Kentucky Senator John J. Crittenden to resolve the U.S. secession crisis of 1860–1861 by addressing the concerns that led the states in the Deep South of the United States to contemplate secession.
-Jefferson Davis: American statesman; president of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War (1808-1889)
3.LIST
*Article 2: Congress shall have no power to abolish slavery in places under its exclusive jurisdiction, and situate within the limits of States that permit the holding of slaves.
*Article 4: Congress shall have no power to prohibit or hinder the transportation of slaves from one State to another, or to a Territory, in which slaves are by law permitted to be held, whether that transportation be by land, navigable river, or by the sea.
4. CIVING RIGHTS
To prevent the lower border states from seceding Lincoln issued Martial Law which suspended the civil rights of the states population preventing them from seceding.
7. ANAYLYSING POLITICAL CARTOON
The cartoon depicts Lincolns victory in the 1860 election and his rail which i think was his political platform which swept the north and making him president with “NO” southern support at all. It split the union giving the nickname Rail Splitter.

Packet Questions #s 6, 7 & 8

6) The supreme court ruled against Dred Scott on the terms that since Scott was a slave he himself could not sue the government as well as that the Federal GOVT could not prohibit slavery in territories.

7) Lincoln viewed slavery as wrong while Douglas viewed slavery as a choice & based his principles & views on popular sovereignty.

8) Johns raid was to arm slaves and attempt a Coup/insurrection against slave holders.

Page 331 #s 1-3&6

1)DEFINE

• UNDERGROUND RAILROAD: The Underground Railroad was an informal network of secret routes and safe houses that 19th century African slaves in the United States used to escape to free states (or as far north as Canada) with the aid of abolitionists.
• TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD: The First Transcontinental Railroad was completed on May 10, 1869, with the golden spike ceremonially driven at Promontory, Utah, after track was laid over a 1,756 mile (2,826 km) gap between Sacramento and Omaha in six years by the Union Pacific Railroad and Central Pacific Railroad.

2) ID

• UNCLE TOMS CABIN: highly effective, sentimental Abolitionist novel.


• FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT: The fugitive slave laws were statutes passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of slaves who escaped from one state into another or into a public territory.


• HARRIET TUBMAN: United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (1820-1913)


• GADSDEN PURCHASE: The Gadsden Purchase (known as Venta de La Mesilla in Mexico) is a 45,535 mi² (76,770 km²) region of what is today southern Arizona and New Mexico that was purchased by the United States from Mexico in 1853.


• KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT: The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and opened new lands for settlement, and allowed the settlers to decide whether or not to have slavery.


• CHARLES SUMMER: Charles Summers (27 July 1825 – 30 November 1878) was an English-born Australian sculptor, creator of the memorial to the explorers Burke and Wills.

3) the transcontinental railroad devdied the north & south and incrased the argument about slavery

6) ON A SEPERATE SHEET OF PAPER

Page 324 #s 1-4

1) DEFINE THE FOLLOWING

• POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY: The doctrine that sovereign power is vested in the people and that those chosen by election to govern or to represent must conform to the will of the people.
• SECESSION: Secession (derived from the Latin term secessio) is the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or political entity.

2) ID THE FOLLOWING

• WILMOT PROVISO: The Wilmot Proviso was introduced on August 8, 1846 in the House of Representatives as a rider on a $2 million appropriations bill intended for the final negotiations to resolve the Mexican-American War.
• LEWIS CASS: Lewis Cass (October 9, 1782 – June 17, 1866) was an American military officer and politician. During his long political career, Cass served as a territorial governor, an American ambassador, a U.S. Senator, and was the nominee of the Democratic Party for President of the United States in 1848.
• CONSCIENCE WHIGS: The "Conscience" Whigs were a faction of the Whig Party in Massachusetts noted for their moral opposition to slavery.
• COTTON WHIGS: The conservative Cotton Whigs were noted as opponents of "Conscience" Whigs.
• FREE-SOIL PARTY: A former political party in the United States; formed in 1848 to oppose the extension of slavery into the territories; merged with the Liberty Party in 1848
• “49ers”: Is derived from 1849, the California Gold Rush and is used to describe the gold prospectors that came to California during the gold rush.

3) SUMMERIZE THE FOLLOWING
Popular Sovereignty was the idea to allow the citizens of a state to decide weather or not the wanted to be free or Slave not leave it up to the politicians, the idea & response to this was that Southern states were for it as at the time the power of Slave & Free was in favor of the North “FREE” and hope that popular sovereignty would balance it out.

4) GEO & HIS
the U.S gained 500,000sq miles of land from the war with Mexico the dispute of slavery was amplified with the discovery of gold the idea of using slaves to mine gold California at the time was a free state opposing slavery and using slaves to mine gold was against they state title “FREE STATE”

TERMINOLOGY PAPER

• POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY: The doctrine that sovereign power is vested in the people and that those chosen by election to govern or to represent must conform to the will of the people.
• WILMOT PROVISO: The Wilmot Proviso was introduced on August 8, 1846 in the House of Representatives as a rider on a $2 million appropriations bill intended for the final negotiations to resolve the Mexican-American War.
• “49ers”: Is derived from 1849, the California Gold Rush and is used to describe the gold prospectors that came to California during the gold rush.
• COMPROMISE OF 1850: A series of laws that attempted to resolve the territorial and slavery controversies arising from the Mexican-American War (1846–1848).
• FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT: The fugitive slave laws were statutes passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of slaves who escaped from one state into another or into a public territory.
• UNDERGROUND RAILROAD: The Underground Railroad was an informal network of secret routes and safe houses that 19th century African slaves in the United States used to escape to free states (or as far north as Canada) with the aid of abolitionists.
• GADSDEN PURCHASE: The Gadsden Purchase (known as Venta de La Mesilla in Mexico) is a 45,535 mi² (76,770 km²) region of what is today southern Arizona and New Mexico that was purchased by the United States from Mexico in 1853.
• KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT: The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and opened new lands for settlement, and allowed the settlers to decide whether or not to have slavery.
• BLEEDING KANSAS: Bleeding Kansas, sometimes referred to in history as Bloody Kansas or the Border War, was a sequence of violent events involving Free-States (anti-slavery) and pro-slavery "Border Ruffians"
• DRED SCOTT DECISION: was a lawsuit, pivotal in the history of the United States, decided by the United States Supreme Court in 1857 that ruled that people of African descent, whether or not they were slaves, could never be citizens of the United States, and that Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories. The decision for the court was written by Chief Justice Roger Taney.

HISTORY

Myspace Graphics

F-Block History Slavery Essay

Slavery is described as "The status and/or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised". When looking through out history evidence of slavery can be found in every culture and on every continent since civilization was created, they were used in Rome, Egypt even dating back as far as Babylon. During Colonial Times slaves were used as cheep manual labor on plantations doing mostly agricultural work back then there was no difference between a black slave or a plow mule they both had no status in society and basically treated somewhat the same. Years later the Abolitionist Movement came to power and created two fractions the Abolitionists party and the Anti-Abolitionists party this resulted in the creation of slave & non-slave states once Manifest Destiny was finally fulfilled and the United States stretched from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean. Slavery denied people there basic human rights of Life, Liberty & the pursuit of happiness. Being a slave they did lived but not how they wanted to live their life, they had no liberty as they were control and restricted by the owner and they were clearly not happy or pursuing their dreams in life. slaves were also denied a fair trial with a jury of his/her peers as every person was white and they were immediately guilty for being a slave and/or black, they couldn’t own property not even there children, they could not choose who they were to marry and counted a three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation. When Civil War erupted the country split in half resulting in the United States of America and the Confederate States of America many battles were fought during the Civil war such as the battle of Shiloh the second great battle of the American Civil War in 1862 the battle ended with the withdrawal of Confederate troops but it was not a Union victory and The Battle of Gettysburg a battle that lead to the defeat of Robert E. Lee's invading Confederate Army which was a major victory for the Union. Later on Sept/1862 President Abe Lincoln Signed his Emancipation Proclamation that ended slavery.

Pg 311 #'s 1-4

1. Define: Envoy & Ceded

• Envoy: A representative of a government who is sent on a special diplomatic mission.


• Ceded: To surrender possession of, especially by treaty.

2. ID:

• John Tyler: elected vice president and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died (1790-1862).


• James K. Polk: 11th President of the United States; his expansionism led to the Mexican War and the annexation of California and much of the southwest (1795-1849).


• "Fifty-four Forty or Fight": in U.S. history, phrase commonly used by extremists in the controversy with Great Britain over the Oregon Country state in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.


• Zachary Tyler: 12th President of the United States; died in office (1784-1850).


• John C. Fremont: United States explorer who mapped much of the American west and Northwest (1813-1890).


• Bear Flag Republic: also the California Republic, was the result of a revolt by Americans on in the town of Sonoma on June/14th/1846.


• Winfield Scott: United States general who was a hero of the War of 1812 and who defeated Santa Anna in the Mexican War (1786-1866).


• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: A Treaty signed by Mexican leaders after the fall of Mexico City which resulted in the U.S gaining over 500,000Sq miles of land.

3) Summerize: the Controversy over mexico and the U.S-Was that Mexico was mad that Texas wanted to join the Union, & that the Mexico & the U.S/Texas didnt know where the Texas southwest border should be placed.

4) The U.S paid Mexico money and took Debt from them.

INDIAN REMOVAL ACT

REASONS FOR THE INDIAN REMOVAL ACT
The Cherokee nation was involved in a tense land argument with Georgia, Jackson hoped removal would solve the Georgia crisis.

The seized land would be used to raise cotton for the rapid growing America.

The resources the taken land possessed would make the economy grow.

The claim of being the first one here is correct but you forfeited that title and your land in 1462 for material possessions.

The Indians were standing in the way of progress

The Indians would be better off moving away from whites

The United States was intended to expand from he Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean.

QUESTIONS
Opening Statement: You say we don’t have the right to move you but we do have the right because…

You traded the land to us what right do you have to take it back.

Why would you want to stand In the way of America’s progress.

The acquired land would then be put to great use for the US.

By merging the different Indians tribes & cultures you would all learn to get a long and benefit from each other.

Regardless if you are for or against the Indian removal act one way or another the Indians would have been moved ether by force or by willingly surrendering there land.

Why would you challenge America’s power & refuse to relinquish your land.

Why would it make a difference if moved some where else.

Why would people go against the removal act they too will benefit from its value and resources of the land.

War of 1812 Essay Final Draft

War of 1812

Adam T Hopf

March 4, 2008

The War of 1812 is sometimes called the Second War of Independence, The Forgotten War, or the War of Poor Communication. It was fought until 1815 between the United States and Great Britain. This war was caused mainly by the United States dislike of British naval harassment. Two days before the declaration of war, Great Britain agreed to repeal the naval laws that were primarily responsible for the war. Speedy communication would have eliminated The War of 1812 and the greatest battle, The Battle of New Orleans that occurred 15 days after a peace treaty had been signed where both sides claimed victory.

Even though the United States had won independence from Britain with the Revolutionary War the British never left America. Many Americans believed that they would never be truly independent if the British remained. Some Americans wanted to live beyond the borders they had won with their independence. There were problems with Indian rebellions in the northwestern territories. Many Americans blamed the British, believing that these rebellions were started and supported by the British.

Great Britain and France were at war from 1793 to 1801. These wars had a big effect on the United States. The fighting nations would not trade with each other, but still needed supplies. The United States, as a neutral power, was able to trade with both bringing income to United States merchants. With the increase of American exports, the United States began to make money. In 1806 the French issued a blockade of all British trade in Europe. The British issued their own blockade of all trade from France.

The Americans were caught in the middle. As the Americans tried to continue their successful trade, both the British and the French seized many of their ships for violating these blockades. This made many American merchants very angry, and it hurt American trade with the loss of transportation and goods.

The British began stopping American vessels to look for British Navy deserters. When so-called deserters were found, they were removed and forced into serving the British. This was called impressments. Free American men were taken and forced into serving Great Britain. Between 1803 and 1812, thousands of American-born sailors were impressed to serve in the British Navy.

The United States gained international respect for refusing to give in to the British Empire. American confidence was high because they had fought one of the great military powers and survived, increasing feelings of nationalism. The war also contributed to the end of the Federalist Party, which had opposed the war.

An important military development was improved professionalism in the United States Army officer corps, and the training of officers at the United States Military Academy ("West Point"). The War of 1812 had a powerful effect on manufacturing in the United States. The British blockade of the American coast created a shortage of cotton cloth in the United States, leading to the creation of a cotton-manufacturing industry, beginning in Waltham, Massachusetts.

The War of 1812 ended in a stalemate, but the war had many effects on the futures of those involved. For Americans, The War of 1812 meant a new sense of national pride - for the second time in history, the new nation matched strength with a country as powerful as Britain; it produced a national anthem, and ended European involvement with American Indians in the United States. For the American Indians, the war was a last attempt to take back their lost land and prosperity - an attempt that failed and took away what little they had.

Who really supported the war? Not the British, busy with their struggle with Napoleon. Not the Americans, facing a task of building their young country. Not the Canadians, who had to battle the severe northern conditions to succeed in the colonies. Not the American Indians, who would rather be left alone by the "white man". But they all found themselves involved in a war that could have meant life or death for all - The War of 1812.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

www.multied.com/1812, www.members.tripod.com/~war1812, www.galafilm.com/1812, www.britannica.com/eb/article-9032132/War-of-1812, http://www.gatewayno.com/history/War1812.html,%20www.sparknotes.com/history/american/warof1812

War of 1812 Essay Rough Draft

War of 1812

Introduction

The War of 1812 is sometimes called the "Second War of Independence" the "forgotten war,” or the "war of poor communication" It was fought until 1815 between the United States and Great Britain. This war was caused mainly by the United States dislike of British naval harassment. The British were already at war with France. They seized American ships and took seamen from them, some who were United States citizens. The British also tried to keep United States ships from reaching French ports. Two days before the declaration of war, Great Britain agreed to repeal the naval laws, which were primarily responsible for the war. Speedy communication would have also eliminated the greatest battle, the Battle of New Orleans that occurred 15 days after a peace treaty had been signed. Both sides claimed victory.
There were five primary causes of the War of 1812

• The United States had won its independence from Britain with the Revolutionary War, but the British had never left American. Many Americans believed that they would never be truly independent if the British remained.
• Many Americans wanted to expand beyond the borders they had won with their independence.
• Another problem with expansion were Indian rebellions in the northwestern territories. Many Americans blamed the British, believing that these rebellions were started and supported by the British.

Great Britain and France were at war from 1793 to 1801. These wars had a big effect on the United States. The fighting nations would not trade with each other, but still needed supplies. The United States was able to trade with both, as a neutral power, bringing income to United States merchants. With the growth of American exports, the United States began to prosper. In 1806 the French issued a blockade, or stop, to all British trade in Europe. In answer to this blockade, the British issued their own, a blockade of France from all trade.

• The Americans were caught in the middle. As the Americans tried to continue their prosperous trade, many of their ships were seized by both the British and the French, for violating these blockades. This made many American merchants very angry, and it hurt American trade with the loss of transportation and goods.
• The British began stopping American vessels to look for British Navy deserters. When seamen suspected of being deserters were found, they were removed and forced into serving the British. This was called impressments. Free American men were taken and forced into serving Great Britain this angered many Americans. Between 1803 and 1812, thousands of American-born sailors were impressed to serve in the British Navy.

HISTORY HW 2/14/08

ADAM HOPF PAGE 225 #’s 1-4
1) Define: Judicial Review, Impressments, Embargo.

• Judicial Review: judicial review - review by a court of law of actions of a government official or entity or of some other legally appointed person or body or the review by an appellate court of the decision of a trial court


• Impressment: The act or policy of seizing people or property for public service or use.


• Embargo: A prohibition by a government on certain or all trade with a foreign nation.

2) ID: John Marshall, Louisiana Purchase, Mariweather Lewis, William Clark, Sacagawea, Zebulon Pike.

1. John Marshall: United States jurist; as chief justice of the Supreme Court he established the principles of United States constitutional law (1755-1835)


2. Louisiana Purchase: A territory of the western United States extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains between the Gulf of Mexico and the Canadian border. It was purchased from France on April 30, 1803, for $15 million and officially explored by the Lewis and Clark expedition (1804-1806).


3. Mariwether Lewis: United States explorer and soldier who lead led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River (1774-1809)


4. William Clark: United States explorer who (with Meriwether Lewis) led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River; Clark was responsible for making maps of the area (1770-1838)


5. Sacagawea: Shoshone guide and interpreter who accompanied (1805-1806) the Lewis and Clark expedition.


6. Zebulon Pike: Zebulon Montgomery Pike Jr. (January 5, 1779 – April 27, 1813) was an American soldier and explorer for whom Pikes Peak in Colorado is named. His Pike expedition, often compared to the Lewis and Clark Expedition, mapped much of the southern portion of the Louisiana Purchase.

3) GOVT & Democracy: How did the supreme court decision in Marbury V. Madison strengthen the Federal Judiciary.

• The decision strengthened the supreme court because it asserted the courts right to Judicial Review

4) Compare & Contrast: How was Jefferson’s presidency similar to and different from those of Washington & Adams in political style, goals & foreign policy.

• Jefferson believed Washington & Adams behaved to much like royalty he created a less former style for the presidency, he rode horse back instead of carriage, he sought to integrate republican ideas into the policies that the federalists put in place. He hoped to limit the scope of federal power.

names.............Same..........Differences

Washington SAME: none DIFFERNCES: served in war, Stronger federal government,

Adams SAME: stay our of other countries problems (stay neural), federal GOVT become stronger DIFFERENCE: Stronger federal government,

Jefferson SAME: stay out of other countries problems (stay neutral) DIFFERENCE: More for the common man, smaller more limited federal government, wanted to expand the U.S,

Washington's Paragraph 2/11/08

FREE WRITE:
Do you think that Washington interfered w/state's individual rights by sending federal troops into PA to settle the Whiskey Rebellion WHY OR WHY NOT? Explain.
The rebellion happened because of the tax on whiskey because whiskey was a form of currency it was unfair for people who didn’t use it as money but instead for there own personal use (drunks). Washington had other options 1: Wait for rebellion to blow over, 2: Attack he chose #2 because he feared waiting would only result in the rebellion influencing other states becoming larger so he chose option#1 to silence the rebellion thus restoring order. I don’t know what the states rights are because each state has its own independent rights. The only right I can think of him violating is that its the States duty/Responsibility to deal with the rebellion not the Federal Governments.