TERMINOLOGY PAPER

• POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY: The doctrine that sovereign power is vested in the people and that those chosen by election to govern or to represent must conform to the will of the people.
• WILMOT PROVISO: The Wilmot Proviso was introduced on August 8, 1846 in the House of Representatives as a rider on a $2 million appropriations bill intended for the final negotiations to resolve the Mexican-American War.
• “49ers”: Is derived from 1849, the California Gold Rush and is used to describe the gold prospectors that came to California during the gold rush.
• COMPROMISE OF 1850: A series of laws that attempted to resolve the territorial and slavery controversies arising from the Mexican-American War (1846–1848).
• FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT: The fugitive slave laws were statutes passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of slaves who escaped from one state into another or into a public territory.
• UNDERGROUND RAILROAD: The Underground Railroad was an informal network of secret routes and safe houses that 19th century African slaves in the United States used to escape to free states (or as far north as Canada) with the aid of abolitionists.
• GADSDEN PURCHASE: The Gadsden Purchase (known as Venta de La Mesilla in Mexico) is a 45,535 mi² (76,770 km²) region of what is today southern Arizona and New Mexico that was purchased by the United States from Mexico in 1853.
• KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT: The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and opened new lands for settlement, and allowed the settlers to decide whether or not to have slavery.
• BLEEDING KANSAS: Bleeding Kansas, sometimes referred to in history as Bloody Kansas or the Border War, was a sequence of violent events involving Free-States (anti-slavery) and pro-slavery "Border Ruffians"
• DRED SCOTT DECISION: was a lawsuit, pivotal in the history of the United States, decided by the United States Supreme Court in 1857 that ruled that people of African descent, whether or not they were slaves, could never be citizens of the United States, and that Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories. The decision for the court was written by Chief Justice Roger Taney.

HISTORY

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F-Block History Slavery Essay

Slavery is described as "The status and/or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised". When looking through out history evidence of slavery can be found in every culture and on every continent since civilization was created, they were used in Rome, Egypt even dating back as far as Babylon. During Colonial Times slaves were used as cheep manual labor on plantations doing mostly agricultural work back then there was no difference between a black slave or a plow mule they both had no status in society and basically treated somewhat the same. Years later the Abolitionist Movement came to power and created two fractions the Abolitionists party and the Anti-Abolitionists party this resulted in the creation of slave & non-slave states once Manifest Destiny was finally fulfilled and the United States stretched from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean. Slavery denied people there basic human rights of Life, Liberty & the pursuit of happiness. Being a slave they did lived but not how they wanted to live their life, they had no liberty as they were control and restricted by the owner and they were clearly not happy or pursuing their dreams in life. slaves were also denied a fair trial with a jury of his/her peers as every person was white and they were immediately guilty for being a slave and/or black, they couldn’t own property not even there children, they could not choose who they were to marry and counted a three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation. When Civil War erupted the country split in half resulting in the United States of America and the Confederate States of America many battles were fought during the Civil war such as the battle of Shiloh the second great battle of the American Civil War in 1862 the battle ended with the withdrawal of Confederate troops but it was not a Union victory and The Battle of Gettysburg a battle that lead to the defeat of Robert E. Lee's invading Confederate Army which was a major victory for the Union. Later on Sept/1862 President Abe Lincoln Signed his Emancipation Proclamation that ended slavery.

Pg 311 #'s 1-4

1. Define: Envoy & Ceded

• Envoy: A representative of a government who is sent on a special diplomatic mission.


• Ceded: To surrender possession of, especially by treaty.

2. ID:

• John Tyler: elected vice president and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died (1790-1862).


• James K. Polk: 11th President of the United States; his expansionism led to the Mexican War and the annexation of California and much of the southwest (1795-1849).


• "Fifty-four Forty or Fight": in U.S. history, phrase commonly used by extremists in the controversy with Great Britain over the Oregon Country state in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.


• Zachary Tyler: 12th President of the United States; died in office (1784-1850).


• John C. Fremont: United States explorer who mapped much of the American west and Northwest (1813-1890).


• Bear Flag Republic: also the California Republic, was the result of a revolt by Americans on in the town of Sonoma on June/14th/1846.


• Winfield Scott: United States general who was a hero of the War of 1812 and who defeated Santa Anna in the Mexican War (1786-1866).


• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: A Treaty signed by Mexican leaders after the fall of Mexico City which resulted in the U.S gaining over 500,000Sq miles of land.

3) Summerize: the Controversy over mexico and the U.S-Was that Mexico was mad that Texas wanted to join the Union, & that the Mexico & the U.S/Texas didnt know where the Texas southwest border should be placed.

4) The U.S paid Mexico money and took Debt from them.

INDIAN REMOVAL ACT

REASONS FOR THE INDIAN REMOVAL ACT
The Cherokee nation was involved in a tense land argument with Georgia, Jackson hoped removal would solve the Georgia crisis.

The seized land would be used to raise cotton for the rapid growing America.

The resources the taken land possessed would make the economy grow.

The claim of being the first one here is correct but you forfeited that title and your land in 1462 for material possessions.

The Indians were standing in the way of progress

The Indians would be better off moving away from whites

The United States was intended to expand from he Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean.

QUESTIONS
Opening Statement: You say we don’t have the right to move you but we do have the right because…

You traded the land to us what right do you have to take it back.

Why would you want to stand In the way of America’s progress.

The acquired land would then be put to great use for the US.

By merging the different Indians tribes & cultures you would all learn to get a long and benefit from each other.

Regardless if you are for or against the Indian removal act one way or another the Indians would have been moved ether by force or by willingly surrendering there land.

Why would you challenge America’s power & refuse to relinquish your land.

Why would it make a difference if moved some where else.

Why would people go against the removal act they too will benefit from its value and resources of the land.

War of 1812 Essay Final Draft

War of 1812

Adam T Hopf

March 4, 2008

The War of 1812 is sometimes called the Second War of Independence, The Forgotten War, or the War of Poor Communication. It was fought until 1815 between the United States and Great Britain. This war was caused mainly by the United States dislike of British naval harassment. Two days before the declaration of war, Great Britain agreed to repeal the naval laws that were primarily responsible for the war. Speedy communication would have eliminated The War of 1812 and the greatest battle, The Battle of New Orleans that occurred 15 days after a peace treaty had been signed where both sides claimed victory.

Even though the United States had won independence from Britain with the Revolutionary War the British never left America. Many Americans believed that they would never be truly independent if the British remained. Some Americans wanted to live beyond the borders they had won with their independence. There were problems with Indian rebellions in the northwestern territories. Many Americans blamed the British, believing that these rebellions were started and supported by the British.

Great Britain and France were at war from 1793 to 1801. These wars had a big effect on the United States. The fighting nations would not trade with each other, but still needed supplies. The United States, as a neutral power, was able to trade with both bringing income to United States merchants. With the increase of American exports, the United States began to make money. In 1806 the French issued a blockade of all British trade in Europe. The British issued their own blockade of all trade from France.

The Americans were caught in the middle. As the Americans tried to continue their successful trade, both the British and the French seized many of their ships for violating these blockades. This made many American merchants very angry, and it hurt American trade with the loss of transportation and goods.

The British began stopping American vessels to look for British Navy deserters. When so-called deserters were found, they were removed and forced into serving the British. This was called impressments. Free American men were taken and forced into serving Great Britain. Between 1803 and 1812, thousands of American-born sailors were impressed to serve in the British Navy.

The United States gained international respect for refusing to give in to the British Empire. American confidence was high because they had fought one of the great military powers and survived, increasing feelings of nationalism. The war also contributed to the end of the Federalist Party, which had opposed the war.

An important military development was improved professionalism in the United States Army officer corps, and the training of officers at the United States Military Academy ("West Point"). The War of 1812 had a powerful effect on manufacturing in the United States. The British blockade of the American coast created a shortage of cotton cloth in the United States, leading to the creation of a cotton-manufacturing industry, beginning in Waltham, Massachusetts.

The War of 1812 ended in a stalemate, but the war had many effects on the futures of those involved. For Americans, The War of 1812 meant a new sense of national pride - for the second time in history, the new nation matched strength with a country as powerful as Britain; it produced a national anthem, and ended European involvement with American Indians in the United States. For the American Indians, the war was a last attempt to take back their lost land and prosperity - an attempt that failed and took away what little they had.

Who really supported the war? Not the British, busy with their struggle with Napoleon. Not the Americans, facing a task of building their young country. Not the Canadians, who had to battle the severe northern conditions to succeed in the colonies. Not the American Indians, who would rather be left alone by the "white man". But they all found themselves involved in a war that could have meant life or death for all - The War of 1812.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

www.multied.com/1812, www.members.tripod.com/~war1812, www.galafilm.com/1812, www.britannica.com/eb/article-9032132/War-of-1812, http://www.gatewayno.com/history/War1812.html,%20www.sparknotes.com/history/american/warof1812

War of 1812 Essay Rough Draft

War of 1812

Introduction

The War of 1812 is sometimes called the "Second War of Independence" the "forgotten war,” or the "war of poor communication" It was fought until 1815 between the United States and Great Britain. This war was caused mainly by the United States dislike of British naval harassment. The British were already at war with France. They seized American ships and took seamen from them, some who were United States citizens. The British also tried to keep United States ships from reaching French ports. Two days before the declaration of war, Great Britain agreed to repeal the naval laws, which were primarily responsible for the war. Speedy communication would have also eliminated the greatest battle, the Battle of New Orleans that occurred 15 days after a peace treaty had been signed. Both sides claimed victory.
There were five primary causes of the War of 1812

• The United States had won its independence from Britain with the Revolutionary War, but the British had never left American. Many Americans believed that they would never be truly independent if the British remained.
• Many Americans wanted to expand beyond the borders they had won with their independence.
• Another problem with expansion were Indian rebellions in the northwestern territories. Many Americans blamed the British, believing that these rebellions were started and supported by the British.

Great Britain and France were at war from 1793 to 1801. These wars had a big effect on the United States. The fighting nations would not trade with each other, but still needed supplies. The United States was able to trade with both, as a neutral power, bringing income to United States merchants. With the growth of American exports, the United States began to prosper. In 1806 the French issued a blockade, or stop, to all British trade in Europe. In answer to this blockade, the British issued their own, a blockade of France from all trade.

• The Americans were caught in the middle. As the Americans tried to continue their prosperous trade, many of their ships were seized by both the British and the French, for violating these blockades. This made many American merchants very angry, and it hurt American trade with the loss of transportation and goods.
• The British began stopping American vessels to look for British Navy deserters. When seamen suspected of being deserters were found, they were removed and forced into serving the British. This was called impressments. Free American men were taken and forced into serving Great Britain this angered many Americans. Between 1803 and 1812, thousands of American-born sailors were impressed to serve in the British Navy.